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New Zealand Famous Volcanoes
The New Zealand area is characterised
by both a high density of active volcanoes and a high frequency of
eruptions. Volcanic activity in New Zealand occurs in six areas (see
figure below), five in the North Island and one offshore in the
Kermadec Islands.
New Zealand's volcanoes are not
randomly scattered, but are grouped into areas of more intensive and
long-lived activity, whose position (and the composition of the lavas
erupted) can be related to the large-scale movement of the tectonic
plates in the New Zealand region. Most New Zealand volcanoes in the
last 1.6 million years has occurred in the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ).
The zone is an elongate area that extends from White Island to Ruapehu.
The Taupo Volcanic Zone is extremely active on a world scale: it
includes three frequently active cone volcanoes (Ruapehu,
Tongariro/Ngauruhoe, White Island), and two of the most productive
calderas in the world (Okataina and Taupo).
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Famous New Zealand Volcanoes
Mt Ruapehu from the West
Location
Central Plateau, North Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - Mt Ruapehu is the largest and highest volcano of New Zealand (about
2800m). It lies in the Tongariro National Park where two other volcanoes, Mt
Tongariro and Mt Ngauruhoe, are located. A road leads up to 2/3rd of the
height and from there it's a chairlift ride and three hours of steady
climbing to the top. It can be done with a guided tour and isn't to hard if you are reasonably fit.
Mt Ruapehu Crater Lake
Location
Mt Ruapehu, Central Plateau, North Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - Mt Ruapehu has a summit plateau which consists of several craters
covered under a central glaciers. The active vent contains a crater lake. Is
is about 400m wide, 600m deep and contains highly acidic water, up to 60C
warm. The lake drains through an ice cave just off the tip of the wing. The
temperature and colour changes all the time. The colour ranges from green to
muddy grey.
White Island
Location
Bay of Plenty, 40km North Offshore Whakatane, North Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - White Island is New Zealands most active volcano. It usually just steams
along like on the picture, but sometimes larger ash eruptions generate a
dark column over the island. It is privately owned, and you can get there by
boat or helicopter. The white ship anchors near the place where
the Sulphur Factory had been.
Destroyed Sulphur Processing Plant
Location
White Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - Nobody lives on White Island now, but at the beginning of the century,
sulphur has been mined by a dozen of men who lived in a camp on the crater
floor. The raw material (spilling out of the broken left wall of the
building) was heated in large retorts and the refined sulphur was shipped to
the mainland - as fertilizer! A customer wrote that it was good for killing
weeds in his driveway...
Crater Floor
Location
Crater Floor, White Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - White Island is shaped like a horseshoe. This is a view of the crater
floor looking from the building to the inner crater. White Island is very
active. Though it normaly doesn't erupt lava, there are signs of volcanic
activity everywhere. Steaming hot earth and boiling pools filled with mud
and water.
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Famous New Zealand Volcanoes
The North Island produces enough
boiling water and steam to fill all the jacuzzis and saunas in the
galaxy--or at least Los Angeles! New Zealand Volcanoes Volcanic and
geothermal areas smolder along the Taupo Volcanic Zone from the Bay of
Plenty to the central North Island. Three volcanoes dominate this area:
Mt. Ruapehu and Mt. Ngauruhoe, both active, and dormant Mt. Tongariro.
Mt. Ruapehu erupted in September 1995, rocketing ash, steam, and
car-sized rocks into the sky from the volcano's Crater Lake. About 50
km offshore from Whakatane in the Bay of Plenty lies White Island, an
active volcano often obscured by clouds of steam. Discovered and named
by Captain Cook in 1769, White Island erupts ash intermittently to this
day.
Central Crater
Location
Central Crater, White Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - White Island has a central crater whose appearance is constantly altered
by minor and major eruption. Sometimes there are ash eruptions which form a
dark column over the island. There is always a cloud over White Island, but
usually it is white and its shape and size varies with the volcanic activity
and the weather (the colder, the more steam you see).
Large Fumerole on Crater Wall
Location
Central Crater, White Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - This is an especially large fumerole on the inner wall of the central
crater. Image the sound of a large roaring jet engine, and you get an
impression of the noise it produces. New Zealand volcanoes Together with the steam, the smell of
foul eggs (caused by sulphur) and because it's not the only fumerole in the
crater, a view in the crater is like looking in hell's kitchen.
Crater Lake
Location
Central Crater, White Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - At the bottom of the central crater some water has formed a small, hot
and highly acidic lake. Steam usually blocks the view, but sometimes a
breeze lifts the fog and grants a view of the lake. It sometimes disappears
but returns after longer periods of rain. Don't go to near: The crater rim
is very unstable imaging what would happen if you slide down into the
water...
Noisy Nelly and Me
Location
White Island, New Zealand
Information
New Zealand Volcanoes - This large fumerole is called "Noisy Nelly". You can see it too on the
picture of the Crater Floor on the right side. The exhausted gasses are
quite hot and make breathing difficult if you go to near. The pilot provided
some filter masks so we could protect our lungs a bit. It's a good idea to
protect your glasses and photografic lenses, too: The gasses are very
corrosive.
On the west coast the dormant cone of
New Zealand Volcanoes Mt. Egmont/Taranaki towers over the Taranaki
Volcanic Zone, and farther north, both Auckland and the Bay of Islands
are classified as separate volcanic zones. The waters of Lake Taupo lie
in an enormous deep crater in the center of the North Island--the area
has a violent history of volcanic eruptions, though the last one was
nearly 19 centuries ago. You'll find no volcanoes active within the
last 2,000 years on the South Island, but you can see remains of the
colossal twin volcanoes that formed Banks Peninsula, south of
Christchurch.
Then why not sit backand relax, and leave all the planning and arranging to the best
Volcanoes New Zealand?
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